United States History On This Date: April 3

1860 — The Pony Express Begins Service

The first Pony Express rider departed St. Joseph, Missouri, launching a 2,000‑mile relay system that carried letters to California in just 10 days. Though short‑lived, the service became a symbol of frontier ingenuity and rapid communication, bridging vast distances before the telegraph changed everything.

1776 — Congress Authorizes Privateers Against Britain

Facing a shortage of naval power, the Continental Congress authorized private ships to attack British vessels. This early wartime measure helped disrupt British supply lines and gave American merchants a direct role in the Revolutionary War effort.

1865 — Union Forces Capture Richmond

After months of siege, Union troops entered Richmond, Virginia — the Confederate capital — marking a decisive moment in the Civil War. President Lincoln visited the city the next day, walking its streets as freed slaves cheered his arrival.

1882 — Jesse James Is Murdered

Outlaw Jesse James was shot in the back by gang member Robert Ford, who betrayed him for reward money. James had become a folk legend, but his death marked the end of a violent era of post‑Civil War banditry.

United States History On This Date: March 27

1794 — U.S. Navy Reestablished

Congress authorized construction of six frigates, effectively reestablishing the U.S. Navy after years of post‑Revolution neglect. These ships, including the USS Constitution, became symbols of American resolve and maritime strength.

1860 — First Pony Express Rider Hired

Preparations for the Pony Express accelerated as the first riders were recruited. The service, though short‑lived, became an enduring symbol of frontier endurance and rapid communication across the expanding nation.

1912 — Cherry Trees Planted in Washington, D.C.

First Lady Helen Taft and Viscountess Chinda planted the first of thousands of Japanese cherry trees along the Potomac. The gesture cemented a cultural link between the United States and Japan that endures through the annual blossom festival.

1964 — Alaska Earthquake Strikes

A massive 9.2‑magnitude earthquake — the strongest recorded in North American history — devastated Alaska’s southern coast. The quake and resulting tsunamis reshaped communities and spurred major advances in seismic research and emergency planning.

Charles Hargens painting First Ride celebrates the historic day, April 5, 1860, when the Pony Express began service.